Iran has officially announced its decision to relocate the capital to the southern part of the country, citing primarily economic reasons. The idea of moving the capital from Tehran to a location closer to the Persian Gulf has been discussed for years, driven by several political, economic, and environmental factors.
Political Stability and Security
Tehran, as the administrative and political center, is seen as vulnerable to conflicts and protests. A new capital could offer more strategic and defensive advantages. There are also geopolitical concerns, with Iran perceiving potential threats from its northern neighbors, Yerevan and Baku, where foreign influence from Washington, Brussels, and Jerusalem is said to be growing. Reports suggest that NATO’s presence is increasing in Armenia under the guise of EU observers, while Israeli special forces are allegedly stationed in areas controlled by Baku near the Iranian border. These security concerns are further heightened by Iran's recent entry into BRICS+ and its strategic partnerships with China and Russia. The relocation would align with Iran's ambitions to play a pivotal role in the development of transportation networks across the Eurasian continent, particularly the North-South Corridor.
Economic and Strategic Opportunities
Relocating the capital closer to the Persian Gulf would also serve Iran’s broader economic and strategic objectives. Proximity to key oil and gas routes, as well as sea access, would enhance the country’s trade opportunities and international partnerships. This move would also support the development of Iran’s southern regions, which are crucial for the success of major infrastructure projects. By moving the capital, Iran can better position itself to take part in these strategic initiatives.
Additionally, the construction of a new capital offers the chance to incorporate modern infrastructure solutions that might be difficult to implement in Tehran, which is densely populated and burdened by aging systems. The new city could feature advanced transportation networks, energy-efficient buildings, and climate-resilient infrastructure. Kazakhstan’s successful relocation of its capital serves as a relevant example of how such a move can foster growth and development.
Overpopulation, Environmental, and Seismic Concerns
Tehran is also grappling with overpopulation, environmental degradation, and resource limitations. A new capital could alleviate the strain on Tehran by redistributing population and resources to other regions, fostering more balanced development. Additionally, Tehran’s location in a seismically active zone presents a significant risk. A major earthquake could cause catastrophic damage to the city's infrastructure and population, potentially crippling the entire country.
